Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay Example for Free

Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay The Medieval way to deal with the subject of marriage was completely unmistakable and not at all like our own. It is hard to comprehend their view on wedded life, as it appears to us, in the present day to be significantly more of an agreement for the union of homes and fiscal increase as opposed to the affection for two individuals. Anyway the perspective on ladies as a rule was veryâ unlike the viewpoint of our contemporary society and to comprehend their perspective on marriage we should initially comprehend the standpoint of ladies in the Middle Ages.  Women are first referenced in The Bible in Genesis 2:21-3. It is depicted how lady is made from the rib of man and how the man said This finally is bone of my bonesâ and substance of my flesh;â she will be called Woman,â on the grounds that she was removed from man1. The accompanying sections in The Bible depict the fall of Eve and the enticement of Adam. From the absolute first writing, ladies are delineated with less good remaining than men and are viewed as the destruction of all great, genuine Christians. Messengers, for example, St Paul and St Augustine are likewise observed to have a grave job in the forming of the perspective on ladies in the Middle Ages. Anyway judgment of females was not just limited to the Christian Church, as we probably am aware it today. Constantine, who built up the dynamic Christainisation of the realm, found little yet upset blasphemies among which was one called Gnostics. They accepted that the made world was mediocre compared to the otherworldly one and as ladies are the makers in our reality they were accordingly naturally lesser according to the master. Numerous Gnostic sets wished to dispose of the recreating motivations behind ladies and furthermore accepted that marriage was sent from the Devil. They are cited as pronouncing Marrying and imitating are supposed to be impelled by Satan However they didn't simply have confidence in this with no reason. Gnostics believed that if ladies relinquished their obligation to multiply they would be qualified to lecture, immerse and forecast nearby men. There were at that point numerous earlier cases of ladies taking on such jobs inside The Bible. In any case, most shockingly was the vision of the female Christ. This was kept up by Montanist ceremonies that had incredible love for Eve as her first sin achieved the supernatural occurrence of manifestation. So it is anything but difficult to see that womens job inside this general public was a confounded and befuddled issue. There were such a large number of various perspectives from a wide range of organizations of Christianity, anyway what I am going to focus on is the perspective on the laywomen in the Middle Ages by the Christian church. All ladies were relied upon to be hitched, even Nuns were the ladies of Christ. In spite of the fact that it was normal, marriage was not the perfect state for a lady. The ideal structure was virginity. Those ladies who saved their virginity were lifted up among others as they had not yielded to enticement and from the accounts of Eve its in the female nature to be enticed. Puritans wrote Per mulierem culpa successit, Per virginem salus evenit Sin originated from women, But salvation through a virgin2 However even virginity couldn't carry a lady to the higher express that a man holds inside the Christian Church of the early Middle Ages. Cyprian, a third century author made virginity the recognizing and one of a kind characteristic of Christianity, which thusly made virginity an open issue instead of a private ethicalness. Cyprians later contemporary; Ambrose imagined the possibility that there were just two sorts of ladies on the planet. The individuals who drove typical wedded lives which were discolored by sex and the individuals who stood apart from the rest, remarkable ladies who remained virgins. St Augustine held up the chaste marriage of the Virgin Mary as a perfect for all. Shockingly virtue would be incomprehensible for the general population. Strangely, it was just female virginity that held such high regard. Origen a second century priest mutilated himself out of devotion to sexual virtue and was rebuffed by the congregation and rejected from organization as he was not, at this point entirety. Female virginity was held in high love all through the Middle Ages anyway this changed to some degree towards the last piece of this period. With the development of characters, for example, Alysoun in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales there was brought into the world a ladies who could play men unexpectedly. She could cite the Holy Scriptures, making them express that her lifestyle was reasonable. She essentially could pivot any analysis of her way by implies saved uniquely for priests. There was additionally a perfect of shared opportunity in marriage, which was considered, in the late Middle Ages that would not have been envisioned any before. Ladies supposedly took control of the family unit and hold an equivalent portion of the duty inside the home. Despite the fact that their maturing spouses may need to tell them the best way to run their family unit, it was down to the woman to see that everything completes. The man would give his young lady a lead book clarifying what she ought to do if he somehow happened to bite the dust unexpectedly, regardless of whether he thought it proper for her to re-wed. Notwithstanding house rules and his inclinations in the manner his family unit was run.

Church Experience Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Church Experience - Term Paper Example I directed short meetings with twenty Christians in which I learns about Christianity from the individuals and inquired as to whether they truly practice these qualities in their day by day lives. The reaction I got was enormous. The individuals disclosed to me that how they practice these qualities in their day by day lives and furthermore that there is no spot in Christianity for the individuals who don't rehearse these qualities in their every day lives. They let me know as how these qualities help them to have a fruitful existence. The models given by them were enlightening. I will share one of the models I got from a Christian in a meeting. When that Christian man went to his work simply like he used to go day by day. He saw individuals making intrigues against him. He didn't do anything against them, rather continued accomplishing his work genuinely. His supervisor called him in the workplace and got some information about the schemes and bits of gossip against him. The man sai d that it is all falsehoods and there was no fact to them. The individuals making connivances against him preferred his demonstration so much that they began regarding him and ensured and helped him at his issues. This was only a little model which truly spurred me to concentrate increasingly about Christianity. Houses of worship are viewed as a significant factor in the act of Christianity. As indicated by my talked with crowd, church isn't only a spot where all the Christians accumulate and practice their religion. It is likewise a spot where individuals meet, mingle and talk about the entirety of their issues with the individuals around. They attempt to help one another and discover an answer for the difficult individuals are confronting. There are social orders made inside the congregation to help individuals. For instance the instruction society enables the understudies in their training to handle, the wellbeing society encourages them in keeping up a solid life, and the music culture causes the individuals to make music their profession, etc. Individuals jumped at the chance to change their religion and convert to Christianity since they felt the religion Christianity is a finished religion and there are no defects in it. The religion isn't just about strict practices yet in addition a bout keeping all the Christians together, joined together. It is a finished rule to a fruitful life. The best part about picking a congregation was that it was inviting to such an extent that it was not especially difficult to access individuals and their perspectives. Just to be certain that there would be no issue; I talked to the minister to ensure I was permitted to be there. His reaction was just inviting and he didn’t even inquiry my purposes behind being there. His reaction was a unimportant that he was happy to have me there and that I was absolutely free to be a piece of the administration. While addressing individuals, I introduced myself and informed them about my undertaking with the goal that they realized what are discussion was about and were not in the least misinformed. The information I picked up was more ethic in nature in light of the fact that the conduct I saw in the congregation was not explicit to any area. After addressing and talking individuals, I g ot the impression boisterous and clear that all congregation social occasions nearly

Profit sharing Essay Example

Benefit sharing Essay Whichever program is taken a large portion of the preparation will happen on the shop floor. The experience of working in more than one selling office is given, just as in some in the background capacities, for example, account and the gracefully chain. Down to earth preparing will be enhanced by formal instructional meetings. These may incorporate individual instructing, help from subject specialists, a particular instructional class and simple to-utilize preparing assets. There are no endorsed time cutoff points to finish the program, however a deadline will be made by the chief and staff mentor. Normal advancement gatherings will permit quality time to talk about accomplishments and any regions for improvement. Preparing in John Lewis is likewise very acceptable: giving various sorts of preparing for individuals and furthermore no particular time is given for the vast majority of the program, making it increasingly advantageous for the employee’s just as individuals who may need a vocation in John Lewis gets and furthermore the individuals who are going to work for a brief timeframe or understudies applying for work understanding or just working in their get-away gets an alternate kind of preparing which is better since it sets aside time and cash however then again it additionally is a disservice since the individuals applying for a brief timeframe will have a better place and various individuals to show them accordingly this additionally sits around idly and cash. Inspiration The Human asset office is additionally answerable for spurring the workers. Inspiration is the longing of a person to work and to engage in exercises. Cash, and the manner in which it is paid, can influence inspiration to work. We will compose a custom exposition test on Profit sharing explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Profit sharing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Profit sharing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer These are probably the most normal installment frameworks: Time rate or ‘wages’ Paying by the quantity of hours worked. Piece rate Paying by the quantity of things (pieces) delivered. Additional time Extra compensation for work done far beyond typical working hours. It is normally paid at a higher hourly rate, e. g. twofold time implies double the ordinary hourly rate. Move installments Usually paid for working unsocial hours, for example, night work. Extra installments An extraordinary single installment for accomplishing an objective. Benefit sharing A level of the company’s benefit is shared among the laborers. An unwaveringness reward can be utilized to convince laborers to remain with their manager for a significant stretch of time. Representatives might not have any desire to work longer than their contracted hours however they can frequently be convinced to do as such by getting a higher pace of pay. An advantage is an installment in kind; rather than giving cash the business may give: Cars, medical coverage, free uniform, limited items, and top notch travel. The vast majority work to fulfill necessities of some sort. Non-budgetary inspirations are things other than cash that persuade individuals to work. Abraham Maslow built up his pecking order of requirements dependent on explore about what spurs individuals to work. He recommended that there were 5 degrees of need that impact a person’s conduct. 1. Essential needs †An individual beginnings at the base of the chain of command and will at first look to fulfill fundamental needs (e. g. nourishment, cover). 2. Security needs †Safety needs grinding away could incorporate physical wellbeing (e. g. defensive attire) just as assurance against joblessness, loss of salary through affliction and so on). 3. Social needs †Social needs perceive that a great many people need to have a place with a gathering. These would incorporate the requirement for adoration and having a place (e. g. working with associate who bolster you at work, collaboration, correspondence) 4. Confidence needs †Esteem needs are tied in with being given acknowledgment for work all around done. They mirror the way that numerous individuals look for the regard and regard of others. An advancement at work may accomplish this 5. Self-realization †Self-completion is about how individuals consider themselves †this is frequently estimated by the degree of progress as well as challenge at work People are just genuinely propelled by empowering them to go after and fulfill the variables that Herzberg distinguished as genuine sparks, for example, self-improvement, advancement, and so forth , which speak to a far more profound degree of importance and satisfaction.

Ace the EMBA The Expanded Executive MBA Profile

This is the first post in our Ace the EMBA series on how to apply successfully to a top executive MBA program.   The Executive MBA profile has changed over the past decade. Allen, a hypothetical candidate described below, represents the traditional EMBA candidate, which is still highly desirable to EMBA programs. Lucia, another hypothetical candidate, also described below, represents a profile that is not uncommon now, as does hypothetical Kareem.   Most important, no longer does Allen reflect the choice candidate. Todays EMBA programs actively seek a wide range of applicants – not just diverse geographic, functional, and industry backgrounds, but also diverse organizational cultures and career pathways (e.g.: Serial entrepreneur? Engaged in public-private partnerships? From industry to consulting or vice versa?). The remaining common denominator is extensive management experience and/or imminent advancement into senior management. Even the meaning of â€Å"management experience† may vary now – for example, in matrix organizations and project-oriented careers, the convent ional â€Å"direct report† concept may be irrelevant. 1.  At thirty-five years old, Allen has worked professionally for thirteen years, the last eight as a marketing manager in increasingly strategic positions. He is now Director of Marketing and Strategy for his Fortune 1000 companys new product line. His record of advancement is impressive for someone in his industry, pharmaceuticals, where people of his age are usually a few rungs lower and where some of his peers have MBAs. Allens next move will be to a senior management role, and he feels that without a sophisticated management skill set, he will be unable to contribute to his maximum ability as an executive.  Knowing that this skill set is exactly what EMBA programs are created to provide, he discusses pursuing an EMBA with his boss. Allens company, eager to retain him and groom him for a senior position, will sponsor the time requirement of his Executive MBA studies, and one-third of the cost. 2. After working for a year after college as a technology consultant, Lucia started consulting independently. Initially she provided IT guidance to her local school district as part of a community volunteer program. During this initiative she realized that the public education sector offered unique opportunities as well as challenges in mastering the complex bureaucratic, budgeting, and political maze, and she decided to develop a part-time independent business providing IT consulting to the public education sector, on top of her day job.  It turned out to be a lucrative and interesting niche, and within one more year, Lucia had enough business to leave her employer and set up her own consulting business full time. Eight years later, she has seven employees, grosses over $12M in sales annually, and has broadened her service to private schools. At this level, she can barely manage the business. To grow further, Lucia needs to streamline and stabilize her organizational infrastructur e while developing a solid five-year growth strategy. She is more than willing to pay for her EMBA at a top program, viewing it as a necessary investment for growth. 3.  Kareem has been an architect of some of the top products at a global technology firm. He has led numerous high-profile project teams and interacted with senior technologists and executives at Fortune 100 customers – even participated in some key product decisions.  Increasingly he has felt that becoming a senior manager would allow him to best utilize the combined market and technology know-how he has accrued, and his employer and does not want to lose one of its stars. Hence, the company has agreed that Kareem will transition to the business side to manage a new product line he has championed, a role that will include PL responsibility. Kareem decides to pursue an EMBA as the best way to prepare for his imminent senior management role.  He will pay the tuition, and his company will accommodate the schedule. These three candidates now face the challenge of applying to EMBA programs.  First, they must select the programs they want to target from an increasingly large and multifaceted selection.  Then, although they are all strong applicants, they still must distinguish themselves through their application essays. In this series, we will explore the changing EMBA options and how to choose among them, and then address the roll-up-the-shirtsleeves part of the process: developing effective essays. Do you need help applying to your target Executive MBA programs, efficiently and successfully? Work one-on-one with an EMBA admissions expert for comprehensive application assistance. Its time to get you ACCEPTED! View our EMBA services here. Cindy Tokumitsu has advised hundreds of successful applicants, helping them gain acceptance to top MBA and EMBA programs in her 20 years with Accepted. She would love to help you too. Want Cindy to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Top Executive MBA Essay Questions: How to Answer Them Right, a free guide †¢ Excellent Executive MBA Admissions Advice, a podcast episode †¢Ã‚  The MBA Family Tree: A Roundup Overview of Different MBA/EMBA Options

The Techniques Of Measuring Profitability Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3973 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? According to the London School of business finance, Accounting ratios are defined as a kind of term which is used as describing significant relationship between figures shown in a profit and loss account, on a balance sheet, , in a budgetary control system or in any other part of accounting organization. There are five aspects of business measured by accounting ratios. Profitability of company, Liquidity of company, Asset management of company, Debts management and capital gearing of company, and Market Value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Techniques Of Measuring Profitability Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The profitability of company is measured by Gross Profit Markup, Gross Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin on Sales, Profit Margin on Sales, Basic Earning Power (BEP), and Return on Common Equity (ROE). The Liquidity of company is measured by Current Ratio, Liquid Ratio. The asset management of company is measured by Inventory Turnover or Stock Turnover, Fixed Assets Turnover, Total Asset Turnover, Debtor Ratio, Debtor Payment Period and Days Sales Outstanding (DSO). Debts management and capital gearing of company is measured by Debts Ratio, Capital Gearing Ratio, Debts Equity Ratio, Time Interest Earned, Creditor Ratio, and Creditor Payment Period. Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders is measured Earnings per Share, Price/ Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio), Dividend Cover, Earnings Yield, Dividend Yield, Price/ Cash Flow Ratio and Market Price/Book Value Ratio. The ratios should be used as a comparison to the previous years trading figures or to compare similar comp anies to analysis any problems. By ratios analysis, the firm can see the trends and be able to adjust the business strategies. The accounting ratios are compared for business performance measurement by Inter- Temporal (comparison between two periods), Inter- Firms (comparison between two companies) and Comparison with industry averages. There are two companies which are called IJM Berhad and WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad was established in 1983 with an overarching purpose of competing more effectively against bigger foreign rivals. It is one of Malaysias leading construction groups. It has involved the business activities encompass construction, property development, manufacturing and quarrying, infrastructure concessions and plantations. It is headquartered in Selangor, Malaysia. IJMs regional aspirations have seen it establish a growing presence in neighbouring developing markets with operations presently spanning 11 countries. And WCT Berhad was established in 1981 as WCT Earth works Building Contractors Sdn Bhd, the Firm became a public company in 1994. The Company assumed its present name WCT Berhad since 2008. It activities included project management, construction design, value engineering and assets management  in F1   international racing circuit, High-rise and special purpose building, International airport, Hydroelectric dam, Iconic infrastructure, Township planning development, Racecourse, Commercial property development management, Expressway Highway and BOT Toll Concessions. The comparison of two companies financial statements (refer to appendix 12) is used for analysing how the accounting ratios are used in the firms. Lets look at the ratio calculations of two companies and find how the companies should perform. 2.0 Ratios Calculation 2.1 Profitability Ratio with Formula Calculation for IJM Berhad Calculation for WCT Berhad Gross Profit Markup = 0.3115.. 100 = 31.16% = 0.8225.. 100 = 8.23% Gross Profit Margin = 0.2375.. 100 = 23.76% = 0.0759.. 100 = 7.6% Operating Profit Margin on Sales = 0.1865..100 = 18.65% = 0.0523..100 = 5.23% Profit Margin on Sales = 0.0828100 = 8.29% = 0.0315..100 = 3.15% Basic Earning Power (BEP) = 0.0596..100 = 5.96% = 0.0545..100 = 5.45% Return on Total Asset (ROA) = 0.2648..100 = 2.65% = 0.0328..100 = 3.28% Return on Common Equity (ROE) = 0. 6484..100 =6.48% = 0.1176..100 = 11.77% 2.2 Liquidity Ratio with Formula Calculation for IJM Berhad Calculation for WCT Berhad Current Ratio = 2.09 : 1 = 1.41 : 1 Acid-Test Ratio = 2.09 : 1 = 1.41 : 1 2.3 Asset Management Ratio with Formula Calculation for IJM Berhad Calculation for WCT Berhad Inventory Turnover = 5.78 times = 37.93 times Total Assets Turnover =0.32 times = 1.04 times Debtor Ratio = 0.54 : 1 = 0.32 : 1 Day Sales Outstanding = 0.54 365 Days = 197.1 Days = 0.32 365 Days = 116.8 Days 2.4 Debts Management Ratio with Formula Calculation for IJM Berhad Calculation for WCT Berhadi Debt Ratio = 0.49 : 1 = 0.67 : 1 Debts Equity Ratio = 1.19 : 1 = 2.39 : 1 Time Interest Earned or Interest Cover = 3.73 times = 4.85 times 2.5 Market Value of Investment to Stockholders Ratio with Formula Calculation for IJM Berhad Calculation for WCT Berhad Earnings Per Share = RM 0.25 = RM 0.19 Price Earnings Ratio = 19.2 times = 13.68 times Earnings Yield = 0.6944ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.100 = 6.94% = 0.974358ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ 100 = 9.74% Market Price Per Book Value Ratio =1.24 : 1 = 1.61 : 1 3.0 Ratio Comparison 3.1 Profitability A) Gross Profit Markup Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Markup and Gross Profit Margin are used to measure the firms extent of the gross profit which is earned by the firm from its sales in purchasing and the production activities effectively and efficiently. Markup percentage indicates the differences between the actual cost and the selling price. And Gross Margin percentage indicates the differences between the selling price and the firms profit. The higher Gross Profit Markup or Gross Profit Margin means that the firm is able to control its budget (purchasing the cost) effectively and efficiently. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad had higher Gross Profit Markup and Gross Profit Margin than WCT Berhad. This calculation indicates that IJM Berhad purchased the material at lower cost from its supplier than WCT Berhad. Also IJM Berhad reduced the production cost in allocating its resources. In other words, IJM Berhad has better management in its resources than WCT Berhad. B) Operating Profit Margin on Sales Profit Margin on Sales Operating Profit Margin on Sales and Profit Margin on Sales are used to measure the firms extent of profit which is earned by the firm from the sales made due to the company expenditure control. Operating Margin is a ratio used to measure a companys strategy on pricing and the efficiency in its operating. And Profit Margin is a ratio used to measure how much the firm actually keep in earning. Higher Operating Margin and Profit Margin indicates that the firm is more profitable because it has better control overall its costs compare to its competitors. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhd has much higher Operating Margin and Profit Margin on Sales. It indicates that IJM Berhad has earned higher profit than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad might have lower operating expenses and lower interest cost than WCT Berhad because effective controlling its expenditure and interest cost can increase the profit. C) Basic Earning Power (BEP) Return on Total Asset (ROA) Return on Common Equity (ROE) BEP, ROA, and ROE are used to measure the firms extent of generated profit from total assets which the firm has used. BEP is the percentage of Operating Profit before interest, taxation, over total asset. ROA is a percentage which shows how efficient the firms management uses its asset to generate the profit. ROE is a percentage which shows the firms profitability by revealing how much profit the firm generates with the money which the shareholders have invested. Higher BEP, ROA, and ROE indicate that the firm can generate higher profit using its asset and capital. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhads BEP is just little bit higher than WCT Berhad but ROA and ROE is lower. It indicates that IJM Berhad generated the profit lower than WCT Berhad. It could not manage its asset and capital effectively. It might purchase the material in higher cost so, fail to generate higher profit. 3.2 Liquidity A) Current Ratio Acid-Test Ratio Liquidity ratios are used to measure a firms paying ability on short-term obligations. Current ratio is used to measure the firms ability in using current asset to finance its current liabilities. Acid-Test Ratio is used to measure the firms ability in financing the current liabilities but the extent of liquid assets which can be used. Higher current ration indicates that the firm has more capable in paying obligation. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has higher Current Ratio Acid-Test Ratio than WCT Berhad. It indicates that IJM Berhad is more stable in its financial than WCT Berhad which means IJM Berhad has more liquidity in financing the short-term liabilities than WCT Berhad. In other words, IJM Berhad has more enough short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities than WCT Berhad. 3.3 Asset Management of Company A) Inventory Turnover Inventory Turnover is a ratio which shows how many times a firms inventory is sold and replaced over a period. In other words, it indicates how fast the firms stocks are turned over. Higher Inventory Turnover indicates that the money tied up by the stocks in the store is less. It has implied mean that strong sales or ineffective purchasing capacity. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has lower Inventory Turnover Rate than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad has larger amount of the money is kept in the stock in the store and it may show IJM Berhad has lesser sales or better purchasing capacity than WCT. B) Total Assets Turnover Total Asset Turnover is used to measure how efficiently a firm uses its asset to generate the sales. Higher Total Assets Turnover indicates that the sales are high and the firm uses its assets effectively. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has lower Total Asset Turnover Rate than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad might generate the lower sales and using its asset was not effective in its activities than WCT Berhad. 3) Debtor Ratio and Day Sales Outstanding (DSO) Debtor Ratio and DSO is used to measure the size of the debtors in credit sales and how long the time of period is needed to the firm to collect the debts form the debtors. DSO shows the average number of days which a company needs to collect the revenues after the sale is made. Higher Debtor Ratio and longer DSO indicate that the firm needs to take longer time to collect the money which is made by credit sales. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has higher Debt Ratio and longer DSO than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad sells its products to the customers on credit sales and let the creditors to take longer time to pay back the debts made by credit purchases than WCT Berhad. So, IJM might face the short-term financial problem in paying back the liabilities because the money is tied up longer time in debtors. 3.4 Debts Management A) Debts Ratio Debt Ratio is used to measure how much debt burden the firm has and the ability of the firm in paying back the debts. Higher D ebts Ratio indicates that the firm has large amount of debts and need to pay higher interest cost so, it has heavy debt burden. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has lower Debts Ratio than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad might have lower amount of the debts and needs to pay lesser interest than WCT Berhad. So, IJM Berhad has lighter debt burden and, its finance is safer because it is able to pay back its debts. B) Debts Equity Ratio Debts Equity Ratio is used to measure how the proportion of equity and debt the firm uses to finance its assets. Higher Debts Equity Ratio indicates that the firms assets are financed with the debts so, the firm are in more risky because of high interest cost. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has lower Debts Equity Ratio than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad is having debts lesser than WCT Berhad so, it has less interest cost therefore, IJM takes lesser risk than WCT Berhad. C) Time Interest Earned Time Interest Earned is used to measure that how many times of operating profit can be used to finance the interest cost. So, high Debt Equity Ratio accompanies with low time interest earned. In other words, the firm needs to pay high interest charges. As IJM Berhad has lower Debts Equity Ratio than WCT Berhad, IJM Berhad also has lower Time Interest Earned. So, IJM Berhad has lesser interest charges and it is stable than WCT Berhad. 3.5 Market Value of Investment to stockholders A) Earnings per Share Earnings per Share is used to measure the business growth of the firm because it shows the firms profitability too. Higher Earnings per Share indicates that the firm has higher growth rate and it has higher profit. So, the firm can attract the stockholders. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has higher Earnings per Share than WCT Berhad. Therefore IJM Berhad can attract the stockholder more effectively in their higher growth of business and profitability. B) Price Earnings Ratio Price Earnings Ratio is used to measure the period of times which is needed to recover back the common shareholders investment, by comparing the price of the firms current share with its per- share earnings. Higher Price Earnings Ratio indicates that the shareholders are needed to take longer period of time to recover back their investment. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has higher Price Earnings Ratio than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad has lower earnings per share so, its shareholders are needed to take longer period of time to recover back their share investment than WCT Berhad. Therefore IJM Berhad has lesser attractiveness to the shareholders than WCT Berhad. C) Earning Yield Earning Yield is used to measure that the percentage of each dollar invested in the share which was earned by the firm. It helps to determine the optimal asset allocation. Higher Earning Yield indicates that the firm has higher net income return. It will be attractive to the shareholders. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has lower Earning Yield than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhad might have lower net income than WCT Berhad. Therefore, IJM Berhad has less attractiveness to its shareholder than WCT Berhad. D) Market Price per Book Value Ratio Market Price per Book Value Ratio is used to compare a stocks market values to is book value. Higher Market Price per Book Value Ratio indicates that price of the share in the market rises too high more than its real assets value. So, it cannot be attractive to the shareholders. According to the calculation above, IJM Berhad has lower Market Price per Book Value Ratio than WCT Berhad. IJM Berhads price of share in the market is lower than its real assets value. Therefore, it can be attractiveness to its shareholders. 4.0 Conclusion Accounting Ratios are used to determine how a business is performing. Analysing the accounting ratios can simplify the financial statements. And it will help the firm to make the planning more effectively because it indicates the factors associated with successful and unsuccessful firm. However, using analysis of accounting ratio has also some disadvantages. All the ratios are based on only the information which is recorded in the firms financial statements and the information might be out dated. Also, only by analysing the accounting ratio, it is hard to know the roots of the financial problem. The different companies have different financial, different policies and different business risks. So, it is difficult to get direct comparison the two different companies. Based on the accounting ratio calculations, IJM Berhad has overall better performance than WCT Berhad. In Profitability, IJM Berhad has better performance in allocating its resource but it generates the profit less er than WCT Berhad. Although WCT Berhad has better performance in Asset management than IJM Berhad, IJM Berhad has more stable financial state in company liquidity. It shows IJM Berhad has more capacity on its obligation. IJM Berhad has lesser attractiveness in taking longer period of time to recover back the shareholders investments, however, IJM can attract the shareholders in its Market Price per Book Value that the price of the stock is lower than its real value. Based on accounting ratio analysis, IJM Berhad is suggested to improve in its assets management and put more effort on reducing the period of time to recover back the shareholders investment. 5.0 Financial Market 5.1 Definition of Financial Market Financial market is the market where exchange the financial securities such as stocks and bonds, and commodities like valuable metals with efficient market prices. Trading of bonds and stocks in the financial market can be taken the palace directly between the buyers and the sellers. Or it also can be taken place by medium of stock exchange. There are many different types of financial market and, each of financial market deals in different ways from changing the prices of other assets. 5.2 Various Types of Financial Market A) Money Market Money Market is a segment of the financial market which financial instruments with very short-term, high liquidity debts securities such as certificates of deposit and U.S. Treasury notes are traded. The Participants uses the money market as borrowing and lending in the short term, or just several days under a year. B) Capital Market (Primary Market Secondary Market) The stock and bond market are parts of the capital market. The capital market composed both the primary market a secondary market. In the primary market, the bonds and stocks are newly issued and exchanged. And in the secondly market, the already existing bonds and the stocks are traded. Capital market also can be divided into two markets as bond market and stock market. Bond market is providing the finance by the bond issuance and bond trading. And stock market is providing the finance by shares or stock issuance and share trading. C) Mortgage Market The mortgage market is the market where the borrowers and the mortgage originators come together to do negotiate the terms and effectuate mortgage transition. The mortgage market involves mortgage bankers, mortgage brokers, credit unions and banks D) Consumer Credit Market Consumer credit market is the market where deals with loans such as auto (vehicles), appliances and the loan for the education, vacation and so on. In other words, it is the market which deals with the short-term loans. E) Initial Public Offering (IPO) Market The Initial Public Offering (IPO) Market is the market where deals the first sales of stock by the private company to the public company. 6.0 The three different ways to transfer the capital or fund The capital transfers are kinds of transaction that in which the ownership of an asset is transferred from one institution unit to another or in which the funds realised by the disposal of another asset are transferred or in which cash is transfer to enable the recipient to acquire another asset. There are three different ways to transfer the capital or fund. 6.1 Direct transfer from saver to borrower The direct capital transferring from the saver to borrower means that the firm issues the stocks or bonds and direct sells to the savers without any helping from the financial institutions. Figure 1 shows the way of how the capital is transferred from savers to borrowers directly. Picture1.png Figure (Diagram of Direct Capital Transfer From Savers To Borrowers) 6.2 Indirect Transfer from Savers to Borrowers through Investment Banking House Indirect capital transferring from saver to borrowers through investment banking house means that the investment bank takes the place as responsible the issuance of a firms securities. The investment bank plays the role as a middleman between the savers and the borrowers. The investment bank purchases the securities of firm and resells the same securities of firm to the savers. In this transaction, the money which paid by the savers for purchasing the firms securities is passed to the borrower thorough the investment bank. Picture2.png Figure (Diagram of Indirect Capital Transfer from Savers to Borrowers through Investment Banking House) According to the figure2 above, the business corporation plays the role as borrower, investment banking house plays the role as middleman and the saver plays the role as money lender. 6.3 Indirect Transfer from Savers to Borrowers through a Financial Intermediary Indirect capital transferring from saver to borrowers through financial intermediary means that the financial intermediary issues out the fund from the savers by issuing its own securities or certificate of deposit to saver. Then, the fund which is collected from the saver is used by the financial intermediary to purchase and to hold the other corporations securities as investment. In this case, when the savers pay the money to financial intermediary to exchange for receiving the securities or certificates of deposits issued by the financial intermediary, the fund or the capital is transferred from the savers to financial intermediary. After that, the financial intermediary will transfer this fund to the other corporation by paying money out of the fund to purchase securities of corporation. Holding the certificate of deposit and the securities of financial intermediary is the safer way to the saver and there are more liquid than mortgage loan. Picture4.png Figure (Diagram of Indirect Transfer from Savers to Borrowers through a Financial Intermediary) According to the figure 3 above, the business corporation plays the role as a borrower, financial intermediary plays the role as money lender to the corporations and the borrower form the saver, and saver plays the roles as money lender. 7.0 Investment Banking House Financial Intermediaries 7.1Investment Banking House The investment house is a kind of bank which works primarily for corporations and governments. This bank helps the clients to raise the money invested through debt and stock offerings. They advice the firms on mergers and acquisitions and helps to bring prospective to the buyers with sellers. They are also providing the advisory services to the investors but primarily to larger institutional customers like pension and mutual fund. CIMB investment bank, Maybank investment bank, and Affin investment bank are the examples of the investment banking house in Malaysia. 7.2 Financial Intermediaries The financial intermediary is financial institution which borrows from the savers and lend to individuals or firms that need resources for investment. The investments is made by financial intermediaries can be in a loan or securities. The main role of financial intermediaries is transforming the financial assets that are less desirable for a large par of the public into other financial asset which is more preferred by public. At least four economical functions are involved in this transformation; risk reduction via diversifications, providing maturity intermediation, providing a payment mechanism and reducing the costs of contracting and information processing. There are some different types of the financial intermediaries. A) Commercial Bank The commercial bank is one of the major financial institutions which is providing the services like accepting deposit and giving the business loan. The activities of commercial banking are different than those of investment banking, which include underwriting, facilitating mergers, other corporate realizations, acting as an intermediary between a securities issuer and the investing public, and also acting as a broker for institutional clients. B) Savings and Loan Associations The saving and loan association is a kind of financial institution that specialised in accepting savings, deposits and making mortgage loans. The people who deposit (depositor) earn interest in their deposits. Normally the saving and loan associations offer higher interest than commercial bank. C) Mutual Savings Fund The mutual saving fund is very similar with commercial bank and the saving and loan associations. The most of their activities are similar. However, mutual saving fund mainly deals with long-term basis clients such as house buyers and consumers. D) Credit Union The credit union is a kind of financial institution which is owned and controlled by the its own members only. And it is operated for the purpose of promoting the thrift, providing other financial services to the members and credit at reasonable rate. E) Pension Funds The pension fund is a pool of assets which is forming an independent legal entity to a pension plan for the exclusive purpose of financing pension plan benefits. It is important to the stock market where large institutional investors dominate. F) Life Insurance Companies The life insurance company is the company which collects the saving in the form of annual premiums. And it invests the fund in stocks, bonds, real estate and mortgages. At last it makes the payment to the beneficiaries of the insured parties. G) Mutual Fund The mutual fund is a kind of the investment firm that pools the money from many investors and invests the money in the stocks, bonds, other securities or even cash. Mutual fund shares are redeemable. Which means that when mutual fund investors want to sell their fund shares, they sell them back to the fund, or to a broker acting for the fund, at their current NAV per share, minus any fees the fund may charge, such as deferred sales loads or redemption fees.

Capital Punishment And The Death Penalty - 2857 Words

Capital punishment has been an issue that has been debated for quite some time. The expression of, â€Å"an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth† has become the basis for political debate over the past several decades. In the United States alone, capital punishment is currently administered within thirty two of the fifty states within the country. The Federal criminal justice system practices and carries out executions of inmates as well. Traditionally, this category of punishment is carried out to act as a deterrent, and give families and/or citizens a feeling of retribution and incapacitation. The ideology behind the practice of capital punishment is to establish that if a life is taken in malice, then so shall the malicious perish for their deed. Additionally, it is only the federal and state governments whom this authority is permitted to. According to the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC), the first constitute law for the death penalty was established in t he Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon dating back to 18 B.C. The first recorded execution in America took place in Jamestown, Virginia in 1612. Since 1976, there have been 1,411 individuals who have been put to death under the various federal and state legislations within the United States of America (DPIC, 2015). The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution shapes procedural aspects that govern how a jury may implement the death penalty. This Amendment lays out the guidelines for how the deathShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. 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It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and u nusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminalsRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. The debate over capital punishment has always been a topic of great controversy. Before the Supreme Court ruling in 1976 America had been practicing capital punishment for centuries. At the current time some states enforce the death penalty, while some do not. There are differences of opinion’s relating to whether or not the death penalty is the proper wayRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pageswritten down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. 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Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intended, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å" [e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18

Hanging Next to a Picasso free essay sample

Having an older sibling can feel a lot like being the painting that hangs on the wall next to a Picasso. Yeah, sure, the colors of my painting are beautiful in their expressionistic differences, but it’s not like they started the Cubism movement. I have an older sister who I am very fond of, and she returns the sentiments—but sometimes if feels like I am cast in her shadow. It feels like my colors are dimmed because hers came first. Sometimes that is the truth and sometimes it is nowhere near the truth, but just like in art she preceded me, so she was noticed first and had a greater impact. I can vividly remember a moment during my senior year when this very topic was acknowledged and a resolution was even attempted. It was about seven in the evening, steadily warm in the Phoenix air but there was an excited state muddled into it as well. This evening was the night of my high school band’s banquet and as a group we were all swimming in nerves to see who got what awards. I really did not expect to win anything because my sister was usually the one to get awarded for leadership, and to be noticed first because she was the drum major. What I failed to consciously realize was that this year my dear sibling was living in another state and attending another school! I ended up being awarded â€Å"outstanding senior girl,† but that was not what mattered, what mattered was what my band director said when he was making his speech. Among various compliments he said â€Å". . . she seems to have been overshadowed by her older sister. . . â€Å"That phrase was what struck a chord for me. All those years I knew he favored her, but he noticed me enough to give me the best award of my category. He realized that I was being helpful, and improving the band as soon as she was gone and he even verbally addressed the most daunting obstacle overshadowing me—a shadow. As soon as that Picasso was moved to another gallery, my colors shone brighter. An identical phenomenon happened in the theater department earlier that year. Instead of being cast in a chorus or a â€Å"group,† I was actually cast as a supporting lead. My artistic value was noticed because the premonition that â€Å"the older one will be better† had vanished. There was no natural comparison for my school to go by so I ended up playing Titania in â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream.† Instead of â€Å"Chorus Girl #2.† To my teacher’s surprise, it turns out that I had different strengths and weaknesses then my sister did, just as a Warhol and a Picasso would. The two beautiful works of art cannot be viewed in the same light, or else their important individual meaning will be lost. Next to Warhol’s work is Cubism even important? Additionally, Picasso’s work did start a monumental movement so it got a bigger reaction than Warhol’s. What Warhol and I have in common though, is colors. Even my schoolwork was more radical than my sibling’s. I used more ideas, and jumped around themgoing whatever way my whims directed me. My colors were brighter than hers, and once my teachers stopped expecting Cubism and started to see the hues I applied, they appreciated our differences. It’s not that one of us was wrong or right, we were just radically different thinkers. One thing that Picasso’s work did do to help out my â€Å"artwork† was prepare an audience. When his breakthrough style was introduced it changed how the viewers saw upcoming works of artand those views would remain changed forever. Before Picasso unveiled his distorted women and various other topics, art was supposed to be realistic, or expressionistic. After the public was taught that this type of art was OK, they accepted things like it into their culture, thus paving the way for fresh ideas and different techniques. In a sense, my sister has done that for me. People know who she is before they know who I am, and they know that she thinks differently than lots of â€Å"normal† people. This sets the stage for how I think, which is different from how other people think, but also different from the mental patterns of my sister. All my teachers (and even some family) got us confused, and constantly compared us to each other, but they also knew we were both brilli ant. They knew that we both would set a certain definition to our graduating class, but they could tell it would be in a different way. I am most fond of the memories belonging to my English class from senior year. My sister feels rather unenthusiastic towards those same memories. We had the same teacher at the same school in the same class, but we approached it differently. She went in to get the work done and her speech and writing were very proper, although her work ethic was lacking. I had a concrete work ethic, and frequently went out on limbs to try and reach a tempting idea that I caught a glimpse of. She was not liked very much by our teacher, Mr. Bloom, but I knew that I was. Just like art, some people liked one of us, or the other, or both, or neither but that only matters to a certain extent. Just as in art, if you get accepted by the public and are then allowed to make your own commentary, and reach for your own ideas in your own style, it does not really matter if your style is favored by an individual (except if that individual is you). Usually we let our teachers expect us to be identical, and then su rprised them as we took ideas from polar sides of the spectrum, blended them with the highest of contrasting colors and presented our works. After all, even an identical print can have its differences from the original. My sister is my dearest friend despite all of our differences. She is very talented and very different from me. I know that the two of us have dissenting sets of skills; different pallets to work from, but we both produce beautiful art for people to think about and enjoy. Picasso and Warhol’s differences are colossally vast, but they are coming from different ideas and different minds, just as my sister and me. You wouldn’t hang â€Å"Les Demoiselles dAvignon† next to â€Å"Four Marilyn’s,† so people shouldn’t view me and my sister like we would be in the same section of an art gallery.